Does Violence in Video Games Contribute to Misconduct in...

Does Violence in Video Games Contribute to Misconduct in Youth? In recent years, many technological advancements have led to a new form of entertainment for society. One of the soaring forms of this entertainment is video games. While the sale of games continue to rise at a drastic rate, game designers and the media focus the publics attention on violent video games, since it seems to currently be to the more attractive type of game, not only among the public, but the gaming industries as well. As these games become increasingly popular, there has been an abundance of researchers and health officials that say that such games result in increased violence among juveniles. Many believe that violent video games cause behavioral problems and†¦show more content†¦These games can help improve coordination and concentration, as well as contribute a harmless form of stress relief (Parks 25). As long as game time is monitored, children can be greatly enhanced by such games. This form of stimulation is not just found in violent video games, but in every form of the games. Some categories are merely just for themes like action and adventure, strategy, or education, which allows the consumer to easily see which games will stimulate the mind or be more competitive and action-packed. An easy way to monitor video games would be to look for and understand the ratings of said games. The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) measures the content of all video games and rates them for the intended audience that should play the games. Knowing game ratings can greatly improve a parents understanding of the types of games their children play and how strictly to monitor their use. Game ratings include Early Childhood (EC), Everyone (E), Teen (T), Mature (M), Adults Only (AO), and Rating Pending (RP) (Norcia). Each of these levels increase in what is allowed, i.e. more violence, all except Rating Pending which means that a game has not been rated yet, but is coming soon. Most games that are held in the â€Å"violence† category are rating between Teen to Adults Only. Teen ratings consists of mild to strong language and are intended for people 13 or older. Mature ratings are intended for those who are 17 or older. This category contains languageShow MoreRelatedâ⠂¬Å"There is increasing evidence that early exposure to media violence is a contributing factor to the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthat early exposure to media violence is a contributing factor to the development of aggression† (Huesmann, Moise-Titus, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Huesmann and Kirwil (2007, p. 545), argue that an individual’s aggression and violent behaviour are not only caused by emotional, mental and physical circumstances but also the environment plays an equally vital role. They further on state that hastening violent behaviour in the short-term sense is due to disclosure to violence, which can be either throughRead More Understanding Antisocial Behavior in Children Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Antisocial Behavior in Children In northeast Pennsylvania, 9 year old Cameron shot seven-year-old Jessica with a rifle and then hid it. The reason for the argument was a disagreement over a video game. In Englewood, a suburb of Chicago, a seven-year-old and his eight-year-old best friend became the two youngest murder suspects in the US when they were accused of the murder and sexual assault of an eleven-year-old boy. His body was discovered in a vacant lot. InRead Moresocial media1798 Words   |  8 Pagesand even game consoles. There is an unlimited amount of things that you can do on social media sites and very few restrictions. People believe that this is where the problem comes in. Being able to do almost anything online can cause a lot of harm. 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Msc Strategic Management Free Essays

The copyright of the Master thesis rests with the author. The author is responsible for its contents. RSI Erasmus University is only responsible for the educational coaching and beyond that cannot be held responsible for the content. We will write a custom essay sample on Msc Strategic Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acknowledgements I would like to thank Raymond van Wick, Bert Flier, and Justine Jansen for their inspirational lectures and papers forming the basis for my thesis and new found interests; Raymond van Will and Mochala Chippers for thoughtful discussion and feedback during the process of writing this thesis; the managers responding to my river for enabling thesis testing; my parents, sister, and brother for their enduring and limitless support and patience; and XX for her support, love, and understanding. Your valuable contributions enabled the writing of this paper. XX, March 2009 Marten van Brussels Designing ambidexterity Social Capital and Ambidexterity 10 Cognitive social capital 11 Shared culture and systems Shared vision 12 Relational social capital 13 Trust Tie strength 14 Ambidexterity and Unit Performance It provides the organization the ability to be aligned with and adaptable to its environment. The ambidextrous organizational form builds on internally inconsistent structures and cultures, allowing exploratory and exploitative units to optimally configure themselves around specific task-environment requirements. Exploratory units search for new knowledge and skills for the development of radical innovations and are characterized by loose cultures. Exploitative units build on and extend existing knowledge and skills for making incremental changes and fair well with tight cultures. Thus, to achieve ambidexterity organizations have to integrate the contradictory forces of exploration and exploitation and manage the internal tensions hat these forces bring along. However, it is strategic integration which remains to be a complex issue. The mechanisms for integration need to be able to access and integrate knowledge across relatively autonomous units. Till date, formal integration mechanisms have received ample attention, while organizational social capital was largely ignored. Cognitive and relational social capital are found to be essential determinants for the transfer of knowledge between units within the organization and thus for their integration. Therefore, this study explores how cognitive social UAPITA, represented by shared culture and systems and shared vision, provides the needed meaning and understanding for business units in a context of contradiction which is apparent in the ambidextrous organizational form. In addition, the facets of relational social capital, represented by trust and strong ties, are explored as enablers to bringing units focusing on either exploratory or exploitative activities together. In total 52 autonomous business units, from three globally diversified electronics and electrical equipment companies, participated with the research through surveys. These business units are responsible for either a specific market segment or product group, ranging from more traditional businesses to newer businesses. They provided insight into their achievement of ambidexterity, performance, the extent of mutual meaning and understanding with other units, and the content of their relations with other units. The results concerning the four separated factors used to measure cognitive and relational social capital appear to be influenced by invisible multimillionaires. However, these factors still explain to considerable extent the achievement of business unit ambidexterity and reference. Concerning cognitive social capital, a shared culture and systems do not appear to influence the achievement of ambidexterity, while a shared vision among business units strongly supports business unit ambidexterity and to considerable extent performance. Concerning relational social capital, trust between business units seems to contribute to ambidexterity, but a shared vision is an important contributor to this relationship. Trust also positively influences unit performance. Strong ties do not seem to influence the simultaneous pursuit for exploratory and exploitative innovation. If at all, the relation would have been negative. Before strong ties would benefit ambidexterity, these ties need to be complemented by a certain amount of trust. In addition, strong ties do not support unit performance. The findings indicate that a combination of shared culture and systems and shared vision into a single measure of cognitive social capital does explain business unit ambidexterity and to considerable extent unit performance. The sharing of a vision amongst separated business units appears to reduce the negative effects of resistance to change and adaptability following from a shared culture and systems. By combining shared vision and shared culture and systems it seems that a more balanced understanding or context is created in which units accept the simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation. The combination also positively impacts performance. A combination of trust and strong ties into a single measure of relational social capital does explain unit performance, and to some extent ambidexterity. It appears that trusting relations positively mediate the negative relation between strong ties and the search for novel ideas. While trust leads to the exchange and combination of rich resources, the implementation of the consequent novel insights and combinations is benefited by strong ties. The achievement of business unit ambidexterity does positively influence unit performance. However, ambidexterity does not seem to mediate the relation between social capital and performance. Rather the relation between social capital and unit performance is a direct one. Overall, social capital dimensions enable the integration of exploratory and exploitative activities, while ameliorating the subsequent internal tensions. In addition, the content of relations and extent of mutual understanding between business units influences unit performance. Hence, social capital is an important contributor to vital business unit outcomes. Top managers should therefore master the creation and exploitation of social capital. Interesting avenues for future literature are discussed. Taken together, these understandings deliver new insights into how business units might achieve competitive advantages and increased performance and survival chances. 5 An organization’s long-term survival depends on its ability to â€Å"engage in enough exploitation to ensure the organization’s current viability and to engage into enough exploration to ensure future viability’ (March, 1991: 105). Indeed, Rakish Brainwash (2008) in their effort to merge the burgeoned literature on organizational ambidexterity conclude that successful firms are ambidextrous. It provides the organization the ability to be aligned with and adaptable to their environment (Gibson Brainwash, 2004), enables the organization to simultaneously pursue exploratory and exploitative innovations (Banner Dustman, 2003), and gives it competitive advantage (Dustman Reilly, 1996). To achieve organizational ambidexterity organizations have to unite the contradictory forces of exploration and exploitation and manage the internal tensions that these forces bring along. While the benefits of organizational ambidexterity have been emphasized and important contributions providing insight in how to accomplish organizational ambidexterity have been made (e. G. Jansen, George, Van den Busch, Belabored, AAA; Kittening Dustman, 2007; smith Dustman, 2005; He Wong, 2004), empirical evidence explicating the factors underlying the process of achieving organizational ambidexterity is largely lacking (Reilly Dustman, 2008; Jansen, et al, AAA). The ambidextrous organization thrives on internally inconsistent structures and cultures (Smith Dustman, 2005). Exploratory units search for new knowledge and skills for the development of radical innovations in order to meet the needs of emerging customers or markets, while exploitative units build on and extend existing knowledge and skills for making incremental changes to existing products and services to meet the needs of existing customers and markets (Banner Dustman, 2003). This focus enables the units to optimally configure themselves around specific discontentment requirements (Lawrence Lora’s, 1967). However, it is the strategic integration of these contradictory forces which leads organizational ambidexterity to become a dynamic capability for the organization (Reilly Dustman, 2008). Since organizational ambidexterity appears to be such an important concept for organizations and difficult to achieve a lack in research on its antecedents is surprising. This paper focuses on the antecedents of ambidexterity at business unit level by taking on a social capital perspective. The research on managing and integrating exploratory and exploitative activities has mainly focused on formal structures and incentives, largely ignoring the social structure that likely enables organizational ambidexterity (Cleanable Dustman, 2007; Jansen, Van den Busch, Belabored, 2006). By focusing on cognitive social capital and relational social capital, the two dimensions of social capital that provide closure within the organization (Van Wick, Jansen, Less, 2008), the paper attempts to explain the integration of exploratory and exploitative activities. The paper argues hat cognitive social capital, represented by shared culture and systems and shared vision, provides the needed meaning and understanding in the context of contradiction (Smith Dustman, 2005; Inpatient Shoal, 1998; Inept and Tsars, 2005; Van Wick, et al, 2008), which is apparent in the ambidextrous organizational form. The facets of relational social capital, represented by trust and strong ties, are seen as enablers to bringing units focusing on either exploratory or exploitative activities together (Van Wick, et al, 2008; Tsar, 2000). Also, social capital stands central o the understanding of innovation (Inpatient Shoal, 1998; Moran, 2005) and as such influences exploratory and exploitative innovation. In addition, Guppy, Smith Shelley (2006) state that learning from exploratory and exploitative activities is more likely to occur at macro level (I. E. Team, unit, organizational, or interdenominational), than at micro level (I. E. The individual). Thus, referring to the definition of social capital (Inept Tsars, 2005), organizational learning is a resource which is embedded within, becomes available through, and can be derived from a network of relationships. Following this logic, organizational ambidexterity resides in the relationships between units, which are explained by social capital theory. By addressing the question how social capital can enable ambidexterity, the study attempts to bring a social perspective into the ambidexterity debate. Research addressing this link is missing, while the two are seemingly related. By studying the relation between social capital, which has the ability to build competitive advantage (Inpatient Shoal, 1998), and ambidexterity, which leads to long-run survival (Rakish Brainwash, 2008), this paper contributes mainly to the strategic management and organizational literature. In the following sections theory and hypotheses will be presented. Ambidexterity and social capital will be explained, while the hypotheses and the research model linking the two are given. Then, the methodology section will outline how the study tests these hypotheses within business units. The results section provides initial insight on the fulfillment of the hypotheses, while their implications will be outlined in the discussion and conclusion section. In addition, the paper proposes future avenues for inquiry. 7 Duncan (1976) introduced the term ambidexterity, in the organizational setting, arguing that long-term organizational success depends on switching organizational structures in sequence, depending on an organization’s state of innovativeness. When an organization finds itself in a phase of innovation it should adopt an organic structure. When the organization is ready to exploit the innovation a mechanistic structure is more appropriate. However, it was not until the seminal article of March (1991) on organizational learning that research on ambidexterity started burgeoning. March (1991) argued that organizations should â€Å"engage in enough exploitation to ensure the organization’s current viability and engage in enough exploration to ensure future viability’ (March, 1991: 105, italics added). A focus on exploitation at the expense of exploration is likely to lead to short-term success, but in the long-term may lead to competency traps and inertia. A focus on exploration at the expense of exploitation might lead to innovate ideas, but would leave the organization without the ability to reap the benefits. Dustman Reilly (1996) showed that organizations are able to combine exploratory and exploitative activities. How to cite Msc Strategic Management, Papers

Publications History and Recent Developments

Question: Discuss about the Publications History and Recent Developments. Answer: Introduction Art has, since time immemorial, been the most reflective mediums of communication. It has the ability to describe or imitate the reality, conjure an image of what the reality should be or can be. The combination of the colors, brushstrokes etc might sound mundane separately but together they create something that goes beyond the universal reality McInnes, G. (1939). When it comes to representing women in the works of art, many accomplished artists have not only failed by reaching the required mark, they have often ended up painting a very wrong and disappointing picture. Most of the artwork on women portrays them as sad, fragile and helpless and the representative of common stereotypes of the particular period in which a painting had been made Kelly, J. and Wossen-Taffesse, M. (2012). However, post 1960s, a new era of female artists arrived which used the representation of women in their paintings to convey their opinions on matters of race, gender, war etc. Every artist goes through a financial crisis at least once in his life. Edgar Degas is no different. Although a legit art form, his choice of nudes, casts a shadow of doubt on his intentions of producing that art. An artist who wants to experiment and learn the art of painting nudes will surely not stick to one gender or a particular age group of people. His choice of painting female nudes of specifically young, rather curvaceous women makes it quite clear that he preferred them as subjects of his paintings due to the fact that they would make a much better saleable product than a mans or even a babys nude Morris, J. (1972). His was widely criticized of his portrayal of women in brothels and baths and in various other intimate and awkward positions. However, today his work is considered as one of the best artwork of that period for his difference from the impressionists and his preference of realism in his works. Despite his impeccable style of painting human bodies in their raw form , it cannot be denied that he was one among many who considered a womans nude to be a profitable commodity rather than artwork. Prudence Heward created paintings portraying women, both white and black models. The subject of her Indian Head was an indigenous woman Kelly, J. and Wossen-Taffesse, M. (2012). She used words like head or girl rather than woman because it was a time when use of gendered language was not appreciated. Her interest in using black females as subjects stemmed from a lot of factors such as formal interests i.e. painting a black woman allowed her a wide variety of use of colors; altruistic i.e. emphasizing the issue of race or it might have been the presence of numerous black women as models in need of extra cash Heward, P. (1948). The bad posture, depressed expressions and unattractive bodies of black women in her paintings speak loudly of the issues of gender and race in the Canadian community during that period. Coming from a affluent white family in Montreal, Hewards representation of black women went beyond race and gender towards issue of social class. Art historian Charmaine Nelson asks, How could one seriously interpret Prudence HewardsDark Girl(1935), a lone naked and melancholic black female surrounded by tropicalized foliage, without discussing the evocation of Africa as the dark continent and without mentioning Hewards seeming preoccupation with black women and girls as subjects for other paintings likeHester(1937),Clytie(1938),Girl in the Window(1941), andNegress with Flower(n.d.)? Prudence Hewards insistence on painting women independent of children is quite indicative of the fact that she wanted to put some light on female as a person alone and not as mothers or wives or daughters etc. It also reflects the scenario of the early twentieth century where women were rebelling against the demands of familial relations especially in marriage Heward, P. (1948). Her painting of her niece Ann is a representative of that. Heward is quite known for her painting of her friend Eleanor and Mabel Lockerby as a portrayal of womens independence, where the latter is seen sitting in a caf alone. It depicts the presence of women in modern spaces during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Heward, P. (1948). Dennis Read, in his A Concise History of Canadian Painting, discusses Hewards Farmers Daughter 1945, and remarks upon the subjects vigorous individuality bold, exciting, it is almost shocking in its sugar-acid colors and defiant anonymity. In 1986, Luckyj curatedExpressions of Will: The Art of Prudence Hewardat the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, which was accompanied by an exhibition catalogue, one of the first texts to focus on a sole Canadian woman artist. Conclusion Before the arrival of the first wave of feminism, women, in the art produced by skilled and esteemed artists, are merely present for the sake of being present. There is no deeper thought or meaning in their representation Morris, J. (1972). Their worth in these artworks is nothing more than their worth in real life. When someone creates a piece of art, people expect it to be something more than what their dull minds could ever conceive but these kind of paintings merely make the plight of women in that period worse but making a public mockery out of it. Post 1960s period saw women contributing actively in the field of art. Their art was not merely an exhibition of their skills but also a portrayal of their struggles, their thoughts on the contemporary issues of society and most importantly their individuality, instead of just being an object of desire. The stark difference between being painted by man and being painted by a woman is not only clearly visible but too striking to ignore McInnes, G. (1939). Art was not just a means to an end but had become a platform for voicing their opinions. References BjArhovde, G. (2014). Emily Carr: Border-crossing Canadian artist and writer. Nordlit, [online] (33), p.171. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3178 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Dunn, L. (2012). Revolutionizing the Study of Female Artists. The Eighteenth Century, [online] 53(2), pp.253-256. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2012.0015 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Eriti, . (2015). Representation of Women in Late Ottoman Paintings. Moment Journal, [online] 2(2), pp.59-79. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.17572/mj2015.2.5979 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Heward, P. (1948). Prudence Heward. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada. Kelly, J. and Wossen-Taffesse, M. (2012). The Black Canadian: An Exposition of Race, Gender, and Citizenship. Journal of Canadian Studies, [online] 46(1), pp.167-192. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.46.1.167 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. McInnes, G. (1939). A short history of canadian art. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. Morris, J. (1972). The nude in Canadian painting. Toronto: New Press. Singer, L. (1983). Canadian art publications: history and recent developments. Art Libraries Journal, [online] 8(01), pp.4-57. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220000331x [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Sleigh, S. and Graham, M. (1976). Some Canadian Women Artists. Art Journal, [online] 36(2), p.168. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/776173 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Stephenson, J. (2010). Portrait of the Artist as Artist: The Celebration of Autobiography. Canadian Theatre Review, [online] 141, pp.49-53. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.141.49 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017].

Pestle Anaylsis of Snack Food free essay sample

Even we have to bulky purchase from suppliers, it does not affect us so much since the production of preserved fruits is most important part and we own the formula ourselves. 2. Substitutes |Analysis Criteria |Risk Rating | | |High |Medium |Low | |The relative price performance of substitutes |V |   |   | |Switching Costs |V |   |   | |Buyer propensity to substitute    |   |V | |Overall Risk Rating |V |   |   | Preserved fruits are not the compulsory daily items, they can be substituted by any snacks like candy, chips etc. Most of the substitutes are lower price than ours, the product types are more diversified and the packages are fancier as well. More, the promotion are all around us, for example, TV advertisement, magazines, internet etc. Therefore, there are easy to get the information from the substitutes. However, there are several types of people are quite high loyalty on the preserved fruits such as 60’s-70’s people and the Chinese traditional pr eserved fruits which are HK-made seekers. We will write a custom essay sample on Pestle Anaylsis of Snack Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Buyers Analysis Criteria |Risk Rating | | |High |Medium |Low | |Differentiation of outputs |? |? |V | |Switching costs |V |? |? | |Presence of Substitutes |V |? |? | |Industry concentration relative to buyer concentration |V |? |? | |Importance of volume to buyers |? |? |V | |Cost relative to total buyer purchases |V |? |? |Impact of outputs on the cost of differentiation |? |? |V | |Buyer information about supplier products |? |V |? | |Threat of backward integration |? |V |? | |Overall Risk Rating |V |? |? | Though our products distribution are poor which are no official website, not enough media exposure, some products can be homemade, lesser and lesser HK-made Chinese traditional preserved fruits in HK, so it should be a certain buyers. Since there are lots of substitutes (candy, chips etc) can be replaced preserved fruits and their promotion are all around us like to through the media, internet, they just pay no cost to switch to the substitutes. They can buy the products almost everywhere as convenient shops, supermarkets, stores etc. Also preserved fruits are the insignificant to the buyers overall purchase, so buyers usually do not purchase bulky. 4. New Entrants |Analysis Criteria |Risk Rating | | |High |Medium |Low | |Economies of scale |? |? V | |Proprietary product differences   |? |? |V | |Brand identity |? |? |V | |Switching costs |? |V |? | |Capital requirements |? |? |V | |Access to distribution |V |? |? | |Absolute cost advantage |? |? V | |Government policy |? |? |? | |Expected retaliation |V |? |? | |Industry Profitability |? |? |V | |Stage in industry life cycle |? |V |? | |Overall Risk Rating |? | |V? | The industry of handmade Chinese traditional preserved fruits is in declining in HK, more relat ed-products which are not handmade are rising like the resellers, wholesalers (Aji Ichiban, Okashi Lan). More, our promotion channels are weak because of no official company website and poor media advertisements, it’s quite hard for buyers to have bulky purchase by using the order list from the company website. However, there are 20 retails shops located at the Kowloon, New Territories and Hong Kong Island where most of the shops are closed to commercial buildings, shopping malls and the housing estates. Buyers can buy the products easily. For the reason of lesser and lesser companies to produce the products in HK themselves, that’s the key selling point of our company! And especially the King Preserved Plum ( ) is the signature of our company, therefore, many people are willing to pay higher price to buy the products in HK-made Chinese traditional preserved fruits with good quality. 5. Rivalry Competitors Analysis Criteria |Risk Rating | | |High |Medium |Low | |Industry Growth Rate |   |   |V | |Product Differences |   |   |V | |Brand Identity |   |   |V | |Sw itching Costs |   |V |   | |Informational Complexity |   |   |V | |Concentration and balance |   |   |V | |Industry Commitment   |   |V |   | |Exit Barriers |V |   |   | |Overall Risk Rating |   |   |V | We have a large investment in producing preserved fruits and equipments, unless there is a buyer for preserved products, they may need to remain in the industry even if it is not profitable. Since we can change the suppliers easily, but the more important part is the production, so the cost to quality check for final products are high. And there are rare companies to produce HK-made preserved fruits, the competitors are trying to commitment the industry. Though there are lots of related-products resellers and wholesalers like Aji Ichiban, Okashi Lan, they are just purchase from worldwide, not the HK-made. Lots of people are willing to pay higher to buy the HK-made productions rather the non-HK-made products reseller and wholesalers. The fatal point is we are the well-known as the HK-made Chinese traditional preserved fruits company and even the King Preserved Plum ( ) is the signature of our company. 6. Summary five_force |Risk | |suppliers |Low | |substitutes |High | |buyers |High | |new entrants |Low | |rivalry competitors |Low | |overall |Medium |

Sand Dunes Around the World

Sand Dunes Around the World Sand dunes form some of the most spectacular and dynamic landforms on the planet. Individual sand granules (grains of sand) accumulate through both water and wind (eolian) transportation, a process known as saltation. Individual saltating granules form transversely (perpendicular) to the winds direction forming small ripples. As more granules collect, dunes form. Sand dunes can form in any landscape on Earth, not just deserts. Formation of Sand Dunes Sand itself is a type of soil particle. Its large size makes for swift transportation and high erodability. When granules accumulate, they form dunes under the following conditions: 1. Granules accumulate in an area devoid of vegetation.2. There must be enough wind to transport the granules.3. Granules will eventually settle into drifts and in larger quantities dunes when they accumulate against a stable barrier to the wind, such as vegetation or rocks. Parts of a Sand Dune Every sand dune has a windward (stoss) slope, crest, slipface, and leeward slope. The stoss side of the dune is transverse to the predominant wind direction. Saltating sand granules travel up the leeward slope, slowing as they accumulate other granules. The slipface forms right underneath the crest (the peak of the sand dune), where granules reach their maximum height and begin to slope steeply down the leeward side. Types of Sand Dunes Crescent sand dunes, also called barchan or transverse, are the most common sand dune shapes in the world. They form along the same direction as the predominant winds and have a single slipface. Since they are wider than they are long they can travel very quickly. Linear dunes are straight and are often in the form of parallel ridges. Reversing dunes result from sand dunes that are impacted by wind that reverses direction. Star dunes are pyramid-shaped and have three or more sides. Dunes can also be comprised of smaller dunes of different types, called complex dunes. Sand Dunes Around the World Algerias Grand Erg Oriental is one of the largest sea of dunes in the world. This portion of the vast Sahara Desert covers over 140,00 square kilometers in area. These predominantly linear dunes run north-south, with some complex dunes in the area as well. The famous sand dunes at Great Sand Dune National Park in southern Colorado formed in a valley from ancient lake bed. Large quantities of sand remained in the area after the lake breached. Predominant winds blew the sands towards the nearby Sangre de Cristo mountains. Storm winds blew over the other side of the mountains towards the valley, causing the dunes to grow vertically. This resulted in the tallest sand dunes in North America at over 750 feet. Several hundred miles north and east lie the Nebraska sandhills. Much of west and central Nebraska is covered by these ancient mostly transverse dunes, left over from when the Rocky Mountains formed. Agriculture can be difficult so ranching is the predominant land use in the area. Livestock graze these heavily vegetated hills. The sandhills are significant as they helped form the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides water for much of the Great Plains and central North America. Highly porous sandy soils collected centuries of rain and glacial meltwater, which helped form the massive unconfined aquifer. Today organizations such as the Sandhills Task Force strive to save water resources in this area. Visitors and residents of one of the Midwests largest cities can visit the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, along part of Lake Michigans southern shore, about an hour southeast of Chicago. The dunes at this popular attraction resulted when the Wisconsin glacier formed Lake Michigan over 11,000 years ago. Sediments left behind formed the present dunes as the massive glacier melted during the Wisconsin Ice Age. Mount Baldy, the tallest dune in the park actually retreats south at a rate of about four feet per year as it is too tall to for vegetation to hold it in place. This kind of dune is known as a freedune. Sand dunes are found around the world, in varying types of climates. Overall, every sand dune is created by the interaction of the wind with soil in the form of grains of sand.

A Timeline of the War of 1812

A Timeline of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 officially began on June 18, 1812 when America declared war against the British. Known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution, the war would last for over two years. It officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. Following is a timeline of the major events that led to declaring war along with the events of the war itself.   Timeline of the War of 1812 1803-1812 - British impress approximately 10,000 Americans, forcing them to work on British ships.July 23, 1805 - British decide in Essex case that American traders who travel between neutral and enemy ports will allow for the seizing many commercial ships.January 25, 1806 - James Madison delivers report concerning British interference and impressment of sailors causing anti-British feelings to arise.August 1806 - American minister James Monroe and envoy William Pinkney are unable to resolve the major problems between the British and Americans concerning commercial shipping and impressment.1806 - The British blockade France; American ships are caught in the middle, and the British seize approximately 1,000 US ships.March 1807 - Thomas Jefferson receives the Monroe-Pinkney treaty but does not submit it to Congress because it represents a dismal failure for the Americans.June 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake is fired on by the British ship Leopard after refusing to be boarded. This creates an international incident. December 1807 - Thomas Jefferson attempts peaceful coercion of the British with his embargo, but it results in economic disaster for merchants.1811 - Battle of Tippecanoe - Tecumsehs brother (the Prophet) leads attack on William Henry Harrisons army of 1,000 men.June 18, 1812 - America declares war against the British. This war is known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution.August 16, 1812 - the U.S. loses Ft. Mackinac as the British invade American territory.1812 - Three attempts are made by the U.S. to invade Canada. They all end in failure.1812 - The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) defeats the HMS Guerriere.January 1813 - Battle of Frenchtown. British and Indian allies repel Kentucky troops in bloody fighting. The American survivors are killed in the Raisin River Massacre.April 1813 - Battle of York (Toronto). US troops take control of Great Lakes and burn York.September 1813 - Battle of Lake Erie. US forces under Captain Perry defeat a British naval attack. October 1813 - Battle of Thames (Ontario, Canada). Tecumseh is killed in a US victory.March 27, 1814 - Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mississippi Territory). Andrew Jackson defeats the Creek Indians.1814 - The British plan a 3-part invasion of US: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, the mouth of Mississippi River. The British are eventually turned back at Baltimore harbor.  August 24-25, 1814 - The British burn Washington, D.C. and Madison flees the White House.September 1814 - Battle of Plattsburgh (Lake Champlain). The US secures its northern border with a huge victory over a larger British force.December 15, 1814 - The Hartford Convention occurs. A group of Federalists discuss secession and propose seven amendments to protect the influence of Northeastern states.December 24, 1814 - Treaty of Ghent. The British and American diplomats agree to return to the status quo from before the war.January 1815 - Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson scores a huge victory and paves the way to the Wh ite House. 700 British are killed, 1,400 are wounded. The US only loses 8 soldiers.

Wwek3dicussions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wwek3dicussions - Case Study Example Some benefits may be excluded by the statutes from an employee’s income such as the on- premise eating facilities. Even though fringe benefits are treated as being part of the taxable wages, there also includes individual fringe benefits that are expected. Thus, the IRS should retain these exclusions in the tax code (Lieuallen, 2011). There is also a major gain to offering the benefits is that one can still take a business deduction for his or her cost regardless of whether the employees do not have to pay taxes. The fringe benefits may include qualified employee discounts as well as adequate transportation fringe benefits among others. In addition, some of these taxable income exclusions benefit particular industries as per the exclusions benefiting industries such the insurance industry. The proceeds from a life insurance that are paid when someone dies are not taxable. Another good example is the timber industry; the incomes generated from the sale of timber are not considered as gross income, but they are treated as capital gain thus being subject to capital gains tax (Karayan, Swenson & Neff, 2010). Permanent amendments were made to the federal estate tax laws in the late 2013, whereby according to the new law individuals whose estates were taxable through at the states or federal level could have the following options put in place to reduce their tax bill (United States & Dickinson, 2013). One of the options is to spend assets; it is the easiest and quickest approach to reducing the estate value. Using of advanced estate planning techniques may also be another way of eliminating the potential estate tax (Geisler, 2013). The option of gifting through a family limited company may offer estate tax reduction as well as the protection of assets. Finally, the creation of the charitable trust, such as the charitable remainder trust, can give the clients a charitable income deduction in instances when the trust is

Writer's choice- Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writer's choice- Recommendation - Essay Example The book recognizes the fact that client satisfaction is an imperative factor that determines a firm’s profit margin. Essentially, the book establishes a foundation upon  which ethical financial management practices can be based. Moreover, the reader gets a gist of legal repercussions that might be associated with unethical practices while offering services to clients. I found the book helpful in my law practice since it provides valuable information that outline ethical behavior characteristics and the various legal actions that may be adopted to protect the clients’ interest. However, the book has some various flaws that make it difficult to rely on it alone. For instance, the book does not provide a comprehensive legal process that can be followed by clients in case of unethical practices by service providers. I wish the book addressed more on the approaches to be followed to restore ethics in the money industry. In addition, the book should have talked more of planning since the money business has grown quite dynamic. In summary, the book provides useful concepts but has been very narrow-focused as it focuses one similar

Physics Online Course Essay Example for Free

Physics Online Course Essay 1-How can you demonstrate that water is denser than ice without weighing them? What is the principle involved? Release an ice cube in water; the ice cube will float. The ice cube will displace some water as it â€Å"pushes† the water away. The principle involved is displacement. 2-The density of water is a maximum at 4 °C. Why is this property of water important for aquatic life? The maximum density being attained at   4 °C means that even if the water gets colder, the density will decrease. Therefore, ice (when it forms) floats instead of sinks. This makes the continuity of aquatic life during winter possible. 3-When two different materials are given the same amount of heat will their temperatures increase by the same amount? Explain with reasons? No. It depends on the ability of the materials to conduct heat. 4-It is generally observed that it is more difficult to cook food at high altitudes. Explain the possible reason for this? In higher altitudes, there is lower pressure. This means that water will not boil at 100 °C, but at a lower temperature, making your water not as hot as on sea-level, making cooking time longer. 5-What are the variable factors that affect the pitch (frequency) of a vibrating string? How are these factors controlled in a stringed musical instrument such as a violin? The speed and wavelength of the waves formed by striking an object. A musician controls the frequency through the strings tension and density, by pressing some of the strings. 6-If you want to see yourself fully in a plane mirror, the mirror needs to be only half your height. Draw a ray diagram showing how this is possible. Explain the diagram and principles you used. The image in the mirror looks as if the figure is far away, when in fact, it is right in front of the mirror. This is because the light received by the eye traveled in a straight line as if it came from behind the mirror. The mirror is also laterally inverted, meaning the figures right will appear as the mirror images left. References Leigh, J.R. (1988). Temperature measurement and control. USA: Institute of Engineering and   Ã‚   Technology. Sumich, J.L. and Morrissey J.F. (2004). Introduction to the biology of marine life. Massachusetts: Jones   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Bartlett Publishers. Pople, S. (1987). Explaining physics. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Dolan, G., Duffy, P. and Percival, A. (1996). Physics. United Kingdom: Heinemann.

Mexico and The World Bank: Rebuilding a Country :: Essays Papers

Mexico and The World Bank: Rebuilding a Country The 1994/1995 financial crisis in Mexico affected me in a very personal way. My family is from Mexico City, and my dad owns a small private firm that specializes in manufacturing tools. After the devaluation, I not only watched my father struggle with the failing economy and lack of business growth opportunities, I also witnessed a country begin to sink deeper into poverty and despair. There are many reasons for the devaluation, but one of the main ones is probably the â€Å"poor savings rates and the low rate of investment (only saved 19 percent of GDP from 1980-1994)† (Bloomburg). Low levels of social development and high levels of poverty consistently served as a drag to economic growth and reform measures. Next fall I am going to spend a quarter in Washington D.C. completing an internship at the World Bank. I am going to work in the Latin American department, so I will have the opportunity to deal very closely with the Bank’s strategies and projects in Mexico. Therefore I have decided to research the relationship between the World Bank and Mexico. The World Bank is one of the world’s largest sources of development assistance. It is not really a bank, but rather a specialized agency comprised of 184 member countries. Along with several other institutions, the Bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to developing countries. The Bank has provided assistance to Mexico for over 5 decades, and projects loans totaling $5 billion to Mexico up to the year 2005. Mexico holds the second largest share of the Bank’s portfolio, which totals to a whopping 11.1 billion dollars (9.4 % of total portfolio). The Bank works alongside Mexican authorities and officials and both regional and municipal levels to lay out plans and devise strategies that will hopefully help to build up the Mexican economy and social welfare. The Bank currently runs 31 active projects with a net commitment of $5.4 billion. Today Mexico is defined as a middle-income country, although many of its residents continue to survive off less than 1 or 2 dollars per day. Those who live on less than $1 per day do not have access to sufficient food or clean water. Income per capita is $5070 (the highest in Latin America). Mexico and The World Bank: Rebuilding a Country :: Essays Papers Mexico and The World Bank: Rebuilding a Country The 1994/1995 financial crisis in Mexico affected me in a very personal way. My family is from Mexico City, and my dad owns a small private firm that specializes in manufacturing tools. After the devaluation, I not only watched my father struggle with the failing economy and lack of business growth opportunities, I also witnessed a country begin to sink deeper into poverty and despair. There are many reasons for the devaluation, but one of the main ones is probably the â€Å"poor savings rates and the low rate of investment (only saved 19 percent of GDP from 1980-1994)† (Bloomburg). Low levels of social development and high levels of poverty consistently served as a drag to economic growth and reform measures. Next fall I am going to spend a quarter in Washington D.C. completing an internship at the World Bank. I am going to work in the Latin American department, so I will have the opportunity to deal very closely with the Bank’s strategies and projects in Mexico. Therefore I have decided to research the relationship between the World Bank and Mexico. The World Bank is one of the world’s largest sources of development assistance. It is not really a bank, but rather a specialized agency comprised of 184 member countries. Along with several other institutions, the Bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to developing countries. The Bank has provided assistance to Mexico for over 5 decades, and projects loans totaling $5 billion to Mexico up to the year 2005. Mexico holds the second largest share of the Bank’s portfolio, which totals to a whopping 11.1 billion dollars (9.4 % of total portfolio). The Bank works alongside Mexican authorities and officials and both regional and municipal levels to lay out plans and devise strategies that will hopefully help to build up the Mexican economy and social welfare. The Bank currently runs 31 active projects with a net commitment of $5.4 billion. Today Mexico is defined as a middle-income country, although many of its residents continue to survive off less than 1 or 2 dollars per day. Those who live on less than $1 per day do not have access to sufficient food or clean water. Income per capita is $5070 (the highest in Latin America).

Complan Foods Essay

Complan Foods is a British company that makes powdered milk energy drinks. It was acquired by Danone in 2011. In India the Complan brand is owned by the H. J. Heinz Company. Complan was launched by Glaxo in 1954. As part of Glaxo’s Farley Health Products subsidiary, the Complan UK brand was sold to Boots in 1988. In India, Complan remained with Glaxo until 1994, when it was acquired by Heinz, who also acquired the UK brand in the same year.[2][3] In 2002 a majority stake in the UK business (Complan Foods) was sold to the Saatchi brothers’ Saatchinvest BRIEF HISTORY The H.J. Heinz Company, headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is the most global of all U.S.-based food companies. Famous for their iconic brands on five continents, Heinz provides delicious, nutritious and convenient foods for families in 200 countries around the world. In more than 50 of those countries, we enjoy the number-one or number-two market position. To learn more visit www.heinz.com. Heinz came to India in 1994 by taking over the Family Products Division of Glaxo. GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British multinational pharmaceutical, biologics, vaccines and consumer healthcare company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the world’s fourth-largest pharmaceutical company measured by 2009 prescription drug sales .It was established in 2000 by the merger of Glaxo Wellcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc. with powerful brands such as Complan, Glucon-D, Nycil and Sampriti. Heinz India is fully integrated into the global Heinz operations employing high standards in quality at manufacturing facility at Aligarh in the State of Uttar Pradesh. This manufacturing facility is HACCP certified and follows GFMP (Good Food Manufacturing Practices) to deliver safe food products Heinz in India provides taste and nutrition through globally trusted products like Heinz Tomato Ketchup and strong local products like Complan energy drink, Nycil – the most effective prickly heat powder and Sampriti Ghee. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES: http://www.heinz.co.in/about_heinz/history.aspx

Assessment in Special Education: Philippines Essay

The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines I. Assessment Processess Involved in Assessment a. tests b. measurement c. evaluation II. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in America History of Assessment Purposes of Assessment in Education a. regular education b. special education Process of Educational Assessment III. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in the Philippines Policies and Guidelines of Special Education Process of Educational Assessment Trends and Issues in Assessment. The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines Assessment is an indispensable process in the educational system, especially in educating children with disabilities. It is a process of obtaining information for decisions about students, curriculum and programs, decisions and on educational the of policies. of Moreover, goals this involves psychological assessment of children with relevance to making appropriateness instructional at and objectives, assigning management counselling. This process involves the use of tests, measurement, and evaluation. The instruments for the systematic procedure are called tests. These are used for observing and describing one or more characteristic of children using a numerical scale or classification scheme. Paper-and-pencil tests, teacher-made tests, standardized tests are among the other instruments used. The scores earned in correctly answered items provide the teacher the quantitative and objective information as to how much a student has learned. The procedure for assigning number or score to a specified attribute or characteristics is called measurement. Through this, the order of people in the group being measured is maintained. This measurement provides the value judgement of the student’s score or performance. This process of evaluation serves as the basis for decisions about the course of action to be followed. This gives an objective picture of the status of the child which could be done through either formative or summative evaluation. Formative evaluative involves a progressive monitoring on the quality of learning a child is gaining. Whereas summative teaching strategies, appropriate classification, placement opportunities and guidance and evaluation is done after a period of time which determines the quality or worth of materials a student has gained. Assessment encompasses testing, measurement, and evaluation; it is broader than all the process. However, measurement, in some cases, may not be utilized due to lack of tools. This may lead to subjectivity. Thus, it would require a deep knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative attributes to arrive at a sound assessment. Assessment in special education dated way back the Medieval Times when people with non-purposive behaviour are considered mentally-ill and were placed in asylum. Maria Montessori, an Italian doctor, once worked with people with this distress. She clarified that many of the cases in the asylum do not possess medical problems but pedagogical problems. Thus, they will benefit from instructional intervention. This was followed by the works of Itard and Seguine who designed a training program to improve visual, auditory and tactile senses. Their objective was to refine the senses. However, their study did not go on but was continued by Samuel Howe and Edward Seguine who then started an institution for children with mental retardation. In 1838, Esquirol wrote a book on mental deficiency who described the disability in a varying continuum. He explained further that the use of language is a dependable criterion to determine the individual’s level of intellect. John Locke illustrated further the difference between an insane an idiot. The insane talks too much and uses words incoherently while the idiot, on the other hand, when he talks has limited language. But they came to a realization that there is a need for a tool to identify the problems of children who are not learning at the same rate as their peers. During the late 1800s, Alfred Binnet proposed to French Ministry of Public Instruction that there is a need for a further study of children who  are failing in school and must not be dismissed. So, the need for special instruction was identified. He, together with Theodore Simon developed a tool with 30 items with ascending order of difficulty during the early 1900s. It has a wide variety of function with emphasis on judgement, comprehension, and reasoning which are the components of intelligence. This was called Simon-Binnet Test. However, there are still glitches on the use of this tool because most items are verbal and scoring procedure is not available. The second version of the tool added more items and removed unsatisfactory items. Accordingly, test items are grouped according to age level. Scoring was also established by interpreting it through mental level. The third version was done in 1911. There were some minor revision and repositioning of items according to level of difficulty. The tool was brought to America and was studied further in Standford University by Lewis Therman. It was normed and standardized resulting to its name these days as StanfordBinnet Intelligence Test. However between1920-1950, the prominent tests used to assess children with disabilities are projective tests and personality tests. Unfortunately, it did not gain much fame because of its lack of objectivity. After a century, there was an increase in the use of standardized test on perception. This was influenced by Samuel Kirk’s definition of exceptional children. Intelligence tests during that time focused on perceptual-motor senses. Usually, these tests are accompanied by programs. However, it has not improved the performance of children with difficulty. In the 1970s, Behavioral Model was the trend. It emphasized on observation procedures. In this model, evaluation and value judgement became their basis for instruction. However, children with disabilities do not progress despite the use of standardized tests in assessing; thus, it must not be the sole tool to be used in assessment. There must be a balance between the use of formal and informal models. Accordingly, assessment tools must correspond to the assessment objective. Madeline Will, between the mid-1980 – early 1990s, brought up the idea that children in the regular classroom must not remain difficult but must receive a special instruction. She underscored that assessment is a shared responsibility of the general education teacher and the special education teacher. It must start with pre-referral assessment and pre-referral intervention. This is the core idea of today’s Regular Education Incentive (REI) in America. In the new millennium, functional-behavioural assessment became the support of REI. Among other purposes, this evaluates student’s behaviour within environmental context that can contribute to an intervention plan. A balance between formal and informal assessment procedure was observed. Generally, assessment helps teachers make decisions about the curriculum and make educational programs for the child. But assessment in special education is more focused on individual student. It aims to screen and identify the seriousness of the problem; identify and determine the current level of academic performance and educational need of the child in terms of academic area and strengths and weaknesses; determine eligibility in special programs; make decisions about placement in different programs taking into consideration the least restrictive environment (LRE);evaluate teaching program and strategies designed for the child; develop an individualized educational plan (IEP); and monitor and document student’s progress pertinent to the target goals. Assessment in America is guided by the principles present in PL 94-142 Education for all Handicapped. According to this public law, all children must be given free appropriate public education (FAPE) or the zero-reject principle; it stresses the avoidance of discrimination in the assessment procedure used; an IEP must be carefully planned containing important details; an educational setting must be least restrictive for the child to move; each child deserves fairness and accountability of professionals and parents who makes decisions on his assessment; parents would have to know the honest objective of the test. The process of educational assessment in America follows three stages: pre-referral, referral and IEP development and educational placement. Due to Madeline Will’s initiative, pre-referral stage has been a MUST in the assessment process in America. This process is inexpensive. This is divided into two sub-stages, general screening and problem identification. During the first sub-stage, the teacher initiates the data gathering on the learning problems the child encounters which makes the child significantly different compared to his peers. This entails the use of short tests (individual or group) which is broadly focused on all areas of development or on a specific subject area. From the data, the teacher will identify the child’s difficulty and determine what she will address. Here comes the pre-referral intervention plan of the teacher. Progress must be assessed after a certain period of time to determine whether the chid needs to continue the plan with some additions or refer the child to a professional. During the referral stage, a comprehensive assessment is planned through referral to the special education team (SPED team). The team will evaluate the intervention plan used and will make some revision to make assessment more formative. However, if a child do not progress in this stage, he/she will be then referred to the multidisciplinary/ transdisciplinary team who will conduct further study and prepare comprehensive and integrated assessment report reflecting important findings. The report will be translated in an IEP. The IEP serves as the framework in which the child will benefit. A special education teacher must implement this. Progress monitoring and evaluation must be done to give feedback to students and teachers. This must be carefully evaluated at the end of the year so that revisions will be made. Truly, the assessment procedure in America gave an impact to the Philippines’ special education system. In fact, the Philippine constitution and Magna Carta for Disabled Person of 1992 guided the formulation of policies and guidelines in special education in the Philippines. Article XIV, Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states, â€Å"The state shall promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. † Magna Carta likewise provides that the State shall ensure that disabled person are provided with adequate access to quality education and ample opportunities to develop their skills; take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all disabled person; and take into consideration the special requirements of disabled persons in the formulation of education policies and programs. As stated in Article 3: Identification, Screening, Assessment and Evaluation of Children, identification and assessment of every child shall be conducted as early as possible and shall be conducted by the school and the community utilizing appropriate assessment instruments. The team shall be composed of persons with working knowledge and understanding of special children such as parents, guardians, neighbours, friends, teachers, guidance counsellors, health workers, social workers and others. Aspects to be covered in the identification, screening, assessment and education of children shall cover the following aspects: physical (height, weight, physical deformities, gross and fine motor coordination, hearing, visual acuity, oral hygiene and dental development), psycho-social (family history, personality, bahavior) and educational (learning disabilities, language and speech, medical). As mentioned, appropriate instruments shall be developed or adopted in order to identify handicapping condition as  early as possible; it must be on-going; and the synthesis of identification shall be the basis for the appropriate educational placement for the child with special needs. In a paper presented to the Department of Social Welfare and Development in 2010, it highlighted three (3) phases of assessment in the Philippines: sensing the special need, assessment, intervention. In the first phase, the people involved are the parents, family, siblings, caregiver, teachers, family doctor, the pediatrician and the child. It takes into consideration the impressions, comparisons, reports and complaints, initial assessment and school performance of the child. In the second phase, the diagnosis of the difficulty is given by a medical specialist. Through which, special needs of the child are identified. The child will be then referred to a multidisciplinary team where they consolidate their diagnosis. The multidisciplinary team may include developmental paediatrician, occupational therapist, speech therapist, physical therapist, reading specialist, educational therapist and music therapist. Intervention of the difficulty start with the formulation of the Individualized Intervention Program (IIP) which is carefully planned by the teacher from the diagnosis under the guidance of case consultants, area specialists, school administrator, psychologist and the parents. The third phase is a continuous process of implementing, monitoring, and re-formulating IIP until such time when the child is able to manage himself and achieve the objectives formulated. However, the country is still at its process in polishing these ideals to conform with the emerging needs of children with special needs. Maria Melisa Rossana C. Sta. Ana, in her article written in 2006 entitled â€Å"Education of Children with Multiple Disabilities in the Philippines,† highlighted that though the school curriculum is established, there are still major concerns for the preparation of educational programs and support for children with multiple disability like the lack of available culture-based assessment tools in evaluating students with multiple disabilities. On another note, she points out that many Filipino parents of children with disability cannot see the importance of sending their child to school due to poverty and negative stereotypes. This gave light to a number of children with disabilities in the Philippines who do not receive proper education support that they need. On another light, there are private schools and foundations catering to children with special needs. One of which is Cupertino Center for Special Education. Their approach to assessment is done through a clinical team approach, special education teachers, occupation and speech therapists and psychologists. Another school which accepts children with special needs is O. B. Montessori Center Inc. (OBMCI). Children with special needs are admitted to OBMCI thru its guidance program where children are identified accordingly (Sta, Ana, 2010). The school gives importance on the professional diagnostic assessment which was made prior to enrolment of assessment to identify the child’s sensory potential, identify the individual needs and development of the individual educational program. This will help determine the child’s strength and limitation which will eventually influence his/her educational program. Filipino parents have very little choice with regard to the education of their special children in the Philippines, especially families in the marginal sector. However, through proper implementation of policies and endeavours in the field of special education, the special education system in the country will progress and each child with disability will receive appropriate education. References: Sta. Ana, M. (2010). Education of children with multiple disabilities in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8,2013 from http://staana. blogspot. com/multipledisabilities Inciong, T. (2005). The development of welfare and education for children with mental retardation towards inclusion: The Philippine experience. Paper Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. deped. gov. ph/regioniva/paper/inciongt Learn more about special education. (2010). PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/sped/learmoreaboutspedsept19-100920211910phpqapp1 Madrid, M. (2012). A PowerPoint Presentation: Policies and guidelines of special education in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/m_apostol_madrid_s/policies-120427023552phpapp1.

US Patent Research Essay Example

US Patent Research Essay Example US Patent Research Essay US Patent Research Essay VHF, you are blocking one of three lanes of a highway due to a Tara? C accidents may reduce the highway capacity by 50 per cent. In addition, it has been suggested, at least in the pa tent literature, Tanat ventricle speeds may De automatically speeding 86 MPH. That warning, along with add action information retrieved from the databanks, such as the vehicle model and year, will be recorded and will also be broadcast, by voice or print-out or both, to police officers ahead of the vehicle who may issue a monitored and a photograph taken of those vehicles Tara? Violation summons to the vehicle driver based on which exceed the speed limit, as in US. Pat. Nos. 45 their own observation, using Adair or other speed mea 4,866,438 and 5,066,950. Those systems require a match cerements, of the speeding vehicle. Optionally, a cam ins of the photograph of the license plate number with era may record the speeding vehicle and its driver, so a list of license plate numbers and mailing the Tara? C th at the warning may be proven in court or so that a violation ticket to the owner of the vehicle. That system warning letter may be sent to the vehicle owner. Is not legally acceptable in many states, since there is no 50 In addition, and optionally, the system may be used to human witness of the Tara? C violation and the winner of detect wanted cars, namely,stolen cars or cars having the vehicle may not be the one driving at the time of the an excessive number of Tara? C violations (scoff? Saws) speeding violation. Or cars likely to be illegally driven by drivers with In US. Pat. NO. Entitled Mobile speed suspended licenses or cars which do not have the lee Awareness Device, the speed of a vehicle is detected 55 gaily required insurance coverage. In this alternative, by a radar gun. The vehicle speed is displayed on a all cars, whether or not speeding, passing the license lighted number display board mounted on a trailer. Late reader will have their plate numbers read and In US. Pat. No. 5,204,675 an automatic toll collecting rapidly compared to a database list of stolen, uninsu red system obtains vehicle identity? Action from a vehicle and Soc? Law cars. If a car is on that list, the warning number plate and calculates the toll based on the mum sign is not operated and a police officer ahead of the car beer plate. Is onto? De as to the cars identify (model, year, etc. ) and the reason it is on the wanted list. In an alternative mode of operation, the wanted car It Is an adjective AT ten present Invention to provoke database and/or the entire license plate database is 10 a Tara? C control system and method which will auto 65 coated at a Tara? Management center or at police head mythically, without human intervention, detect and Eden quarters. Such a system is in accordance with the recent tiff those vehicles which exceed a selected speed limit technological advances in Tara? C control and manage and provide a visual warning to the driver of his speed, meet (Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems-AVIS). 3 These advances have focused on incorporating trans emitt ers and sensors proximate the highways and having information transmitted to Tara? C management centers or to police headquarters. At these locations the inform motion is deciphered and monitored for speeding, re gently stolen cars, scofflaw cars and cars likely to be only speeding vehicles I. E. , those vehicles whose speed exceeds a predetermined limit, for example, 65 miles per hour (MPH) in a 55 MPH legal speed zone. The camera is electrically connected to a specialized computer board 9 which converts the alpha-numeric of the license plates of vehicles to a digital ASCII code illegally driven by drivers with suspended licenses. The which is transmitted as data stream 16 to computer system 15. That conversion may use algorithms and the camera systems, but the memory storage devices other techniques used in character recognition systems. Which store the wanted cars database would be 10 10 The license plate characters, in one state, would be of coated at the Tara? C management centers or at police only a few fonts, making their conversion to digital transmitters are electrically connected to the output of headquarters. The storage devices could preferably be signals relatively simple. Preferably the computer sys

Cause and Effect Essay Essay Example for Free (#6)

Cause and Effect Essay Essay In Act Four Scene One Friar Lawrence explains the plan to Juliet, â€Å" Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor drink thou off, When presently through all thy veins shall run A cold and drowsy humor, for no pulse Shall keep his native progress, but surcease. No warmth, no breath shall testify thou livest. The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade To paly ashes, thy eyes’ windows fall Like death when he shuts up the day of life. Each part, deprived of supple government, Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death. And in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death Thou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comes To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead. Then, as the manner of our country is, In thy best robes uncovered on the bier Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the meantime, against thou shalt awake, Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come, and he and I Will watch thy waking, and that very night Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. In Act Four Scene One Friar Lawrence explains the plan to Juliet, â€Å" Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor drink thou off, When presently through all thy veins shall run A cold and drowsy humor, for no pulse Shall keep his native progress, but surcease. No warmth, no breath shall testify thou livest. The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade To paly ashes, thy eyes’ windows fall Like death when he shuts up the day of life. Each part, deprived of supple government, Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death. And in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death Thou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comes To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead. Then, as the manner of our country is, In thy best robes uncovered on the bier Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the meantime, against thou shalt awake, Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come, and he and I Will watch thy waking, and that very night Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. † Cause and Effect Essay. (2016, Sep 18).

Professional development for strategic managers Essay

Professional development for strategic managers - Essay Example An individual must, of course, sustain all of the mandated academic talents associated with the entire business value chain, including fundamental knowledge of strategic planning, implementation, control and evaluation. Further, the individual seeking the role of strategic manager must identify with cultural issues, the external environment related to stakeholders/shareholders and consumer demand, as well as the fundamental skills that are provided by sociological and psychological curricula. Outside of these academics-based learnings are more complex understandings of the self as it relates to emotional intelligence, motivational factors that drive goal attainment and learning, as well as having a practical understanding of personality constructs and learning style. There are countless theorists that can describe the systems view of the strategic management process, however transposing theory to practical application in the real-world business environment requires a talented blend o f knowledge and self-understanding. The report highlights literature regarding specific aspects of achieving success in the role of strategic manager, supplemented by a forthright self-analysis of skills development and capabilities in order to determine strengths versus weaknesses in priority aspects of skills associated with strategic theory and application. The student created a pre-set list of criteria, based on consultation with considerable secondary resource studies, that would be most critical for an honest self-assessment. In order to fully measure areas requiring development, the student needed to examine the structural, interpersonal, cultural and adaptive behaviours needed to become a successful strategic manager and leader. The assessment, in order to create a realistic and priority personal development plan, required consultation with theorists and case studies involving change management, developing and evaluating quality control systems, the psycho-social elements of management and interpersonal relatio nship development, as well as various literature on effective teaching and learning as these are fundamental in being a strategic practitioner. Besides the student’s many personal strengths in multiple areas, the following were identified as requiring re-assessment and development to attain success in the strategic career role. These include: The ability to teach others in team-focused environments Effective promotion of change leadership philosophy Teaching others to assess and analyse qualitative and quantitative research data Improvement of knowledge regarding cultural diversity principles Advanced development needs in psycho-social learnings for leadership improvement Outside of the more structural and systems view of strategic

Advanced Nursing Role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced Nursing Role - Essay Example The nurse Informaticist role in clinical practice is to design clinical documentation for example nursing outpatient notes which are changed and used to create items like patient problem list. The nurse Informaticist role in primary care is that they expand aid and evaluate applications, processes, tools and structures that assist nurses to handle data in direct care of patients, in nursing education and research (DeNisco & Barker, 2013). A nurse Informaticist should have basic computer knowledge, must be acquitted with common applications, he or she must be able to communicate through electronic means such as email and acknowledgement of privacy and security matters. According to Mirr & Zwygart-Stauffacher, (2010), a nurse Informaticist who works in administration uses staff scheduling application. A nurse Informaticist working with nurse educators their role is to test softwares for them. A nurse informaticist working in public health is in charge of public health databases (p. 242 ). While the nurse educator is responsible for educating other nurses for professionalism in nursing. The nurse educator also teaches doctors and health officials on the significance of proper settings in hospitals and nursing homes to make the health of people better. According to Bastable (2008), Nurse educators as well as nurse practitioner has the role of educating patients, families as well as the public to promote health and take care of the patients (p.5). The other role of a nurse educator is to offer training to nurses in practice through continuing education, in-service schedules and staff growth to maintain and make better their clinical knowledge and teaching capacity (p.7). The nurse educator also performs the role of a clinical instructor to students to help them acquire their expected learning goals. The nurse educator also teaches nursing students to become

Rhetorical anaylsis and values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetorical anaylsis and values - Essay Example However in another room, Molly Ravi’s friend and Ravi were watching the proceedings in the room. They watched as the two kissed and later took off their shirts with their pants still on. With this footage, the two posted the video on the internet and the next day, most people were able to view it. This made Clementi to commit suicide the next day blaming it all on his roommate. This raised a major international concern on cyber bullying and how the LGBT. The story of Clementi’ death reached his parents who later in an interview gave a clear revelation of how hard it had been for them to come to terms with this information that their child was gay. His mother in particular was very sad after learning that Clementi had died knowing that she had disowned her. This story contains instances of societal injustices that are critically discussed in this paper and how they affected clement. The interview of Clementi’s parents with the media can be used through rhetorical analysis to bring out the values of this community. I am claiming that women and men react differently when faced with a challenge. The reason I am claiming this is because of the soon after revealing to his parents that he was gay, Clementi’s father accepted the fact and took time to discuss with his son a few matters pertaining to his sexuality. Their younger son too did not show any signs of disregard for clementi’s sexuality but instead was silent on the matter. However, after the death of his brother, he too came clear that he was gay. Clementi’s mother reacted in a way that suggested to clement that she had completely rejected him as a son. This is a clear depiction of pathos in the essay. In a later interview with the mother after the death of their child, she insists that it was a difficult for her to accept that her son had been hiding things from her for a long time and that her church members would not be happy with this revelation since homosexuality is a sin. This revelation clearly brings out the opposition between man verses woman. Clementi’s father even after knowing that their son was gay accepted this fact as a man while his mother had difficulty accepting this yet they had raised the boy together. Their different actions show that to some degree, men are more understanding as compared to women. This is one of the rhetorical ideas that this story present. The story also gives us a clear picture of how Clementi had caused a rift between his father and his mother of his sexuality. This also brings in this rhetoric point that women find it hard to accept change and instead, they often resist it with all they can find. The parents lived in a suburb and in that suburb, gay people were extremely discriminated against that Clementi’s mom could not bear the idea of everyone knowing that her son was gay. The father however did not mind. This too clearly shows the difference in how men and women tackle issues. the Cle mentis’ I am claiming that the church disciplines the way that the suburbs work. The reason I am claiming this is because of the way that clementi’s mum reacted to the information that her own son was gay and how she had difficulty in accepting this fact just because her church had taught that being gay is a sin. In one of Clementi’

Dealing with conflicts within a family

Dealing with conflicts within a family Most families in todays society will have to deal with a wide range of conflicts and issues concerning the sociology of the family. The purpose of this is essay is to evaluate the consensus and conflict theories of the family and to analyse the concept of gender roles within the family. It will also focus on the feminist critiques of the traditional approaches to the family, and examine two sociological explanations for domestic violence/ abuse within the family Consensus and conflict theory (Task 1) Consensus can be described as an agreed position or a set of values that stresses the importance of behaviour by learning to adjust to society and conforming to a set of norms and values. Whilst the conflict theory focusses on the uneven sharing of power within society and groups such as the workforce, which are in conflict with each other in terms of status and power. However both theories see the origin of human behaviour as being one that is shaped by structure rather than agency. Therefore it can be argued that consensus is a concept in which a common group is founded, whilst conflict can be said to be a disagreement of ideas and principles between people or society. (Giddens, A, 1997) Functionalism and the Family Consensus theory can be related to functionalism. Functionalism focusses on the need for people to conform to an agreed set of norms and values regardless of wealth, culture, race, sex or religion. This theory is carried through to their view of the family. Functionalism focusses on the Nuclear family which is one whos structure comprises of two generations, those being the parents who are joined in a monogamous marriage, and their children. The Nuclear family which evolved through the need to retain property within the family that could then be passed on to future generations supported an industrialist society as the set up of a two parent house hold would enable the father who is looked upon as the head of the house to go out and support a work industry in order to provide for his family, whilst the mother who remains at home would take care of the house and raise their children. (Giddens, A, 2006) Functionalism sees the family as a harmonious unit with the husband and wife living in agreement, and any future products of this marriage (children) being taught through primary socialisation which takes place within the family, the norms (e.g., accepted forms of behaviour and common culture) and values (e.g., value of life and money) of the society in which they are to grow up in. Moore (2001:324) states that the basic socialisation takes place in the family and it is here, through parents and relatives, that we learn the accepted morality of society. Marxism and the Family Marxism which can be related to the conflict theory, like functionalism views the family as an institution which socialises the children that are born into it. However, unlike functionalism which focuses on the family working to promote a consensus society which works as one to benefit everyone, Marxism has a different view of the family. They believe that opposition between profitable establishments such as manufacturing plants (which form a ruling class through individual possession and finance) and the majority of the population who will provide the labour for these institutions, exists. Marxism views the family (which produces the workers who will provide the labour for these economic institutions) as a unit which enables the class differences between the workers and the ruling class to remain and one which also allows for the exploitation of the workers as the status of the ruling class is maintained through the profit they receive from the products of the workers labour. Harala mbos and Langley(2003:39) states institutions such as the family, the education system and the political system are shaped by the requirements of capitalism and serve to support and maintain it. Marxists are of the opinion that patriarchy (which sees the husband adopting the role of the head of the home) exists within the nuclear family. They believe that patriarchy in the family evolved within a capitalist society due to the ownership of private property. Any of the wifes property once married came under the ownership of her husband and could then be passed on to lawfully-begotten inheritors, leading to the wife having no means of living independently from her husband. As cited in Haralambos and Langley (2003:39) In The Origin of The Family, Private Property and the State, first published in 1884, Friedrich Engels argued that the modern nuclear family developed in a capitalist society. Private property is at the heart of capitalism and it was largely owned by men. Before 1882 in Britain, Married women could not own property- it passed on to their husband on marriage. Patriarchy within the home allowed the husband who feels inferior in the workplace to assert his authority over his wife and family who are dependent on him as the bread winner in the family. He would take out his frustrations of work on the family and used dominance as a means of order and control. Moore (2001 167) states that It is women who have their careers interrupted by childbirth and women who carry the main responsibility for childcare. Women are therefore more likely to be financially dependant on their partners, which gives them less power over decision-making in family matters. Feminism and the Family Feminist Sociology is a controversial subject with wide and difficult boundaries. It is an issue that is not just about women, but one that is for women. It is believed that feminism started in the early19th century due to the increasing perception that women face injustice and inequality in a society they feel is dominated by men, be it the workplace or the home. Feminists are of an opinion that the family is one which allows for the control of women by men, through patriarchy. They believe that the ownership of property that is bestowed to men leads to domination of women within the home. The wife cannot cause conflict within the family unit by having a difference of opinion to that of her husband as she has no means of living independently from him, due to lack of the ownership of assets. Feminism sees the free labour a woman undertakes whilst raising her children as an injustice as a capitalism will gain from the fruits if her labour, due to the belief that her children will be a beneficial asset to a capitalist society as prospective workers. Feminism also argues that the wife will provide support (which is classed as emotional labour) to her husband by Listening to his complaints about work, all the while appearing to be in agreement with him, thus soaking up all of his frustration, which will again allow him to go back to the workplace and provide the labour which benefits a capitalist society. (Scott, J, 1996) Evaluation Although Functionalism, Marxism and feminism are all in agreement in their belief that the family plays a major role in society, each theoretical perspective has an individual perceptions of what the family stands for. Functionalism which focuses on consensus within the nuclear family does not take into account the fact that the structure of the family unit has evolved over time, and in todays society that unit may consist of single parent families and same sex marriages and Marxists would argue that functionalism promotes the sustenance of an unfair system within a capitalist society as they ignore any inequalities that exist in society. Marxists would argue that rather than being a unit of harmony, the family is an institution which exists in a society that consists of conflict due to inequalities of power, class and ownership of property in a capitalist society, and that patriarchy within the family evolved in a capitalist society due to the husbands need to assert control over his family due to his lack of power within the workplace. However Feminists would argue that Marxism accepts the dominance of women within the family, and that patriarchy is an excuse for a husband to have control over his wife. However, although feminism advocates for equal rights of women to men, critics of feminism believe that feminists have a pessimistic view of the family, which does not accept the fact that some women in society embrace their role in the family which enables them to nurture their children and provide moral support to their husband. This critique is evident in Haralambos and Langley (2003:41) which states that Critics argue that feminists are preoccupied with the negative side of the family life. They ignore the possibility that many women enjoy running a home and raising children. Gender Roles (Task 2) Gender roles can be described as cultural and personal. We learn the roles that are deemed as acceptable by society, primarily, from the family and the culture we grow up in and then secondarily from outside influences. Gender roles have a huge impact on behaviour and define the way that both male and females think, speak, dress and communicate within society. Parents tend to treat male and female offspring differently, thus instilling the primary socialisation of gender roles in children from when they are born. where the preference of parents is concerned, male children can be deemed as having an edge over their female siblings as majority of parents (especially fathers) would prefer to have a male child rather than a female child as this allows for the continuance of the family name. Secondary gender socialisation in learned through the influences in society such as peers and the media. This is done through the way the children are spoken to and the toys they are given to play with. Boys will often appear more boisterous when playing will act out scenes related to heroism, whilst girls will often take on a more demure role when playing, seeming to act out roles relating to carrying out domestic chores and childrearing. As sited in Giddens (2006:460-461) The toys, picture books and television programmes experienced by young children all tend to emphasize differences between male and female attributes. Although the situation is changing somewhat, male characters tend to outnumber females in most childrens books, television programmes and films. Male characters tend to play more active, adventurous roles, while females are portrayed as passive, expectant and domestically orientated (Weitzman 1972; zammuner 1987; davies 1991) The gender roles that are embedding into boys and girls through primary and secondary socialisation when young influences the roles they adopt within the family unit. It has been suggested by functionalism that men and womens roles within the family are different. This can be evident in functionalisms view of the family. They focus on the belief that men perform instrumental roles, whilst women play an expressive role, and the fact that the consensus theory of functionalism saw education and professional qualification being afforded to the males within the family as they were to be the providers and would have a superior role which involved making all the decisions within the family, whilst it was deemed that females had no use for education as they were to remain at home and carry out the domestic chores within the house, and nurture and raise the children. Marxism too saw the woman taking on a more domestic and caring role, tending to her husbands needs and rearing their children, whilst the husband who was the patriarchal figure in the family unit who owned all their property, went out to work to provide for his family. However, as a result of the emerging feminist movements, womens roles within the family has taken on a more liberal view. Education and professional qualification are now achieved by both men and women. Things that affect the family unit are now discussed between the man and the woman within the home and decision are made in agreement. Housework is now done on more even terms between men and women, and although women still carry out slightly more household chores than men. As sited in Giddens (2006:760) Surveys have found that women still spend nearly 3 hours a day on average on housework (excluding shopping and childcare). This compares with the 1 hour 40 minutes spent by men. (Office of National Statistics 2003). Domestic Abuse (Task 3) Domestic abuse can be described as the oppression and dominance through threats and acts of physical harm against one family member by another. It is used as a means of control and can be exhibited in a variety of ways ( these being verbal and non verbal) which range from low level acts, e,g, cursing, pushing and continual harrassment for sex, to more physical acts such as, the pulling of hair, punching, kicking and in extreme cases, violence which results in death. Although domestic abuse is said to be a deviant for of behaviour that is majority of the time perpetrated by men against women, domestic abuse of men by their female partners is becoming more recognised even though many cases of male abuse goes unreported due to the fact that men see admission of being a victim of abuse as an a loss of masculinity. Giddens (2006:221) states Most violent episodes between spouses reported to the police involve violence by husbands against their wives. Feminists state that domestic abuse inflicted on women within the home is down to patriarchy. They believe that through patriarchy the man adopts a role within the home that allows him greater status to that of the woman. This is done through the chances, within, what they believe to be a male dominated society which are afforded to him as a man,e,g, ownership of property, the attainment of educational qualifications and wealth. Feminists are of an opinion that men use violence as a means of controlling a womans behaviour in terms of keeping her submissive. Scott (1996:157) states Theorists of patriarchy have directed the subordination of women and found Their explanation for it in the male need to dominate the female. However feminists fail to acknowledge the concept that women are also offenders of abuse against men. Society finds it hard to conceive that men can be a victim of abuse at the hands of a woman as since the beginning of society women have always been observed as the weaker sex. As stated in an article on Elizabethan Women Elizabethan society was patriarchal, meaning that men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were regarded as the weaker sex. (www.elizabethi.org/us/women) However Marxists who also view the man as the main perpetrator of domestic abuse gives a different argument for the cause. They believe that the man who works in a capitalist society uses violences within the home as a means of releasing the stress that surmounts from working in an industrialist society. They also say that the man who is oppressed within the workplace will come home and use violence to assert his authority within the home as unlike the workplace, the family is an institution where he has power. (Giddens,1997) Elder Abuse (Task 3) Abuse of elder members within the family is becoming more general. This type of abuse can be performed through deliberately disregarding the needs of the elderly, e.g., not providing basic care needs to those less able to care for themselves, being verbally abusive towards them or inflicting pain through actual physical violence which include pinching, biting, slapping and punching. It is hard to know just how common elder abuse is as the victims are less likely to report the abuse that they sustain from members of their family unit. (Scott,1996) . In Macionis and Palmers book Sociology, a global introduction (1998) they provide one explanation of elder abuse as being due to the fact that, more families take on the responsibility of caring for elderly members ( which can be stressful in terms of financial burden and increase in labour within the home) alongside going out to work and raising their own children. In their book they ask the question What motivates people to abuse the elderly? and gives the answer as often the cause lies in the stress of caring. Feminist Critiques of the Traditional Family When society talks about the traditional family, they are in fact refering to the Nuclear Family, which is said to be one of harmony. The nuclear familys structure is one that consists of, a father and mother who are joined in a marriage (that practices monogamy) and their children. Conservative thinkers are said observe the family as The Pillar of Society. The family is said to support a capitalist industry by reproducing the individuals who provide the labour for the institutions which are there to make huge profits from the goods that are produced by the workers. Patriarchy exists within the Nuclear family. The Man is said to be The head of the family, and any money that is earned or any property that is inherited or bought by the family is said to be his. He too makes all the decisions that relate to the family unit. The womans role within the family is said to be more of a domesticated one. She will take on majority if not all of the household chores, and this includes the rearing of children. She is said to be the figure in the family who is observed as the carer. Meeting the care and emotional needs of her children and supporting her husband within a capitalist society by ensuring that he arrives home to an environment that is condusive after a hard and stressfull day at work. (Haralambos and Langley, 2003:39). However feminists view the family diferent from that of a conservative, as they view it as one that consists of inequality, opression , patriarchy and violence. Patriarchy: Gender Feminists conceive that the family is the basis for patriarchal capitalism, which gives rise to the subjugation of women. Liberal feminists consider marriage to be a tradition which needs to be reformed as opposed to extinguishing it altogether. This is evident in Betty Friedans book The Feminine Mystique in which she declared that Women in their 60s were enslaved by domesticity because of the roles they played as mothers and wives. She advocated for an improved quality of life for women outside of spousal relationship. Division of labour/ Free labour: Marxists feminists believes that the division of labour that is undertaken within the family unit is an inequality women as they will provide majority of the childcare and carry out a great percentage if not all of the household chores. Feminists see this unpaid work within the home as an unfair as, the woman taking care of the home enables the man to go out to work and earn money to support his family, which reinforces the position he adopts as the head of the family. They are also of an opinion that this responsibility of care in the home reduces the womans ability to go out and work and earn money which would provide her with a means of independence. Feminists also argue the injustice of the domestic abuse that a woman is subjucted to in the home, even though she is the individual who provides the most support to all other members within the family unit. Gender Inequalities: In Feminist perspective on Reproduction and the family,feminist critics such as Susan Okin suggest that For women to have fair equality of oppurtinity the family need to be re-adjusted on gender terms. This is a general view which is taken by most feminists, as most families are based on inequality and oppression. Okin also stated that the family is a linchpin for gender injustice she also argue that, as women depended on men for almost everything due to patriarchy, this allow them to be subjected to physical, sexual or psychological abuse.(www.illc.uva.ni)